Recent challenges in Middle East diplomacy include a variety of complex issues that require innovative and collaborative approaches. The consolidation of regional power, rising global influence, and shifting geopolitics define the current diplomatic landscape. One of the main challenges is the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Although many mediation efforts have been made, the situation in Gaza and the West Bank is increasingly causing tension. The rise of groups such as Hamas and the threat of extremism are increasingly complicating the peace process. Multilateral diplomacy involving Arab countries, Europe and of course the United States is needed to find a sustainable solution. Furthermore, Iran and its nuclear policies remain a major focus of international attention. Negotiations over the 2015 nuclear deal, which was abandoned by former US President Donald Trump, showed how fragile diplomacy in the region is. With Iran increasingly aggressive in its nuclear program, the United States and its European allies are looking for ways to strengthen diplomacy while preventing stricter sanctions. Apart from that, the complexity of the various alliances and rivalries between the Gulf countries also influences the dynamics of diplomacy. Rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran continues, while the conflict in Yemen worsens the situation. The Oslo accords reached between Qatar and Saudi Arabia in 2021 provide hope, but long-term stability is not guaranteed. Humanitarian issues are also a crucial challenge in diplomacy. The refugee crisis and poor living conditions in countries such as Syria and Libya are affecting regional stability. An effective international assistance program, supported by diplomatic cooperation, is needed to respond to the crisis. Furthermore, the phenomenon of climate change is starting to become a more pressing diplomatic issue. With many countries in the Middle East affected by drought and uncertain water sources, collaboration between countries on the environment is now more important than ever. Green diplomacy such as renewable energy initiatives should be proposed to support environmental resilience. Finally, the entry of a new global power such as China into Middle East diplomacy brings challenges as well as opportunities. The investments and infrastructure projects offered by China affect traditional relations with western countries. Middle Eastern countries need to improve their strategies to attract investment while maintaining good relations with western powers. Facing this challenge, countries in the Middle East need to adapt to a more inclusive and pragmatic diplomatic approach. Cooperation between countries and more open dialogue will play a key role in achieving stability, peace and prosperity in this historically and culturally rich region.