Modern World War has become a theme that has attracted attention among academics, researchers and the general public. This conflict not only involves countries, but also ideology, economics and technology. Today’s global challenges and dynamics include a number of important factors that shape the way we understand war in the modern era. First, one major aspect of modern warfare is the shift from conventional conflict to asymmetric warfare. Large countries such as the United States and China are now dealing with non-state groups that use guerilla tactics and terror to achieve their goals. Examples of this are clear in the conflicts in the Middle East, where groups such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda have changed the way war is understood and fought. Furthermore, technology plays a crucial role in the dynamics of modern warfare. Advances in cyber, drones and smart weapons have changed the combat landscape. Countries are now investing heavily in advanced technology to gain tactical advantages. For example, the use of drones by the US Armed Forces to carry out precision strikes with minimal risk to their personnel. However, this also raises new challenges, such as cyber attacks capable of damaging critical infrastructure without having to engage in physical combat. Economics is also a determining factor in modern war. Economic sanctions and blockades are weapons often used in conflicts. In this context, an example is the sanctions against Russia following the annexation of Crimea, which aimed to suppress the country’s economy. In contrast, weaker countries often try to find ways to bypass these sanctions, sometimes through diplomacy or alliances with other countries. International dynamics also play an important role in modern war. Alliances such as NATO and allies in defense cooperation seek to maintain global stability. However, the conflict between major powers such as the US and China also creates tensions that can trigger conflict. The concept of a “new cold war” between these two powers suggests that even when not directly involved in combat, the effects of this rivalry can be felt throughout the world. Another challenge in modern warfare is the shift in ideology. The concepts of nationalism and identity are now becoming increasingly dominant, triggering conflicts within and beyond national borders. Issues such as migration, social justice and human rights are often integrated into the narratives underlying modern conflicts. Meanwhile, environmental issues have begun to become a concern in the context of war. Climate change can worsen socio-economic conditions, creating instability that could trigger future conflict. Countries that are unable to deal with the impacts of climate change risk increasing migration and social friction, which could escalate into armed conflict. In facing these challenges, it is important for countries to develop adaptive and responsive strategies. Multilateral diplomacy and dialogue between countries are becoming increasingly crucial to preventing conflict. International organizations play a central role in mediation and conflict resolution, offering a platform for countries to interact and seek peaceful solutions. Overall, modern world war is a complex and dynamic arena, influenced by a variety of factors. Technological shifts, economic changes, and global political dynamics shape how we understand and respond to today’s conflicts. In the future, collective efforts to face these challenges will greatly determine global stability and peace.